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<title>Master&apos;s Theses</title>
<copyright>Copyright (c) 2013 San Jose State University All rights reserved.</copyright>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses</link>
<description>Recent documents in Master&apos;s Theses</description>
<language>en-us</language>
<lastBuildDate>Sun, 17 Mar 2013 22:16:17 PDT</lastBuildDate>
<ttl>3600</ttl>








<item>
<title>Profiling flavonoid cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell lines</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4255</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4255</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:23 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Flavonoids are part of a large family of polyphenols that are found extensively in fruits and vegetables.  This class of compounds has been of considerable medical interest due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.  Although extensive effort has been made to identify the biological effects responsible for the chemopreventive activity of these compounds, the exact molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood.  In this study, we focused on the cytotoxic effects of fourteen different flavonoids against a series of breast cancer cell lines and evaluated the induction of cell cycle arrest at G1 or G2/M phase as result of such treatment.  We also assessed a possible structure-function relationship for cellular cytotoxicity based on the various chemical structures of flavonoids.  The results showed that several flavonoids were cytotoxic in all cell lines even in the absence of certain signaling pathways.  In addition, only some flavonoids were able to induce cell cycle arrest, suggesting their cytotoxic potential may be independent of their ability to block cells at G1 or G2/M phases.  Our results enabled identification of certain structural properties that are important for the anticancer activity of flavonoids.  Finally, these results suggested that cytotoxicity does not depend on a particular signaling pathway.</p>

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</description>

<author>Sina Yadegarynia</author>


<category>Molecular biology</category>

<category>Nutrition</category>

<category>Biochemistry</category>

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<item>
<title>Cosmetic Product Marketing in India vs. the United States</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4254</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4254</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:22 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>This study draws attention to the marketing strategies used to promote female cosmetic skin care products in the United States and India.  It was conducted by researching advertisements from magazines in both countries.  A content analysis of these advertisements revealed insight into color preferences, skin tone of models, types of cosmetic products, promotion of herbal ingredients in cosmetic products, and product description in the ads.  The results of this study confirmed that there are differences in cosmetics' marketing in the two countries.  Most of the differences were due to culture of both countries and their influence on consumer behavior, including the consumption of cosmetics.</p>

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</description>

<author>Swati Tripathi</author>


<category>Marketing</category>

<category>Mass communication</category>

<category>Pacific Rim studies</category>

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<item>
<title>Dance</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4252</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4252</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:20 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>This project is a book-length collection of poems, organized in three sections.  The first section deals with seemingly younger voices and subjects such as childhood, formative familial relationships, and coming-of-age experiences.  The middle section deals with poems of place largely set in Silicon Valley in Northern California.  This middle section includes an experimental group of poems engaged with personal, social, and spiritual notions of in-betweenness.  The last section is concerned with questions such as:  what makes us who we are; what makes us human; what makes us alive?  Most poems are written in free verse, but I have experimented with blank verse, the sonnet, the villanelle, quatrains, and sestets and include poems written in those forms.  I use dance as a metaphor to explore imagination and experience and examine how personal and geographic landscapes shape consciousness.  In several poems, I also experiment with ephemera, place (personal and geographic), and performance in connection with art, spirituality, culture, and identity.  In a sense, my collection may be read as an "interpretive dance" of engagement with ideas of permanence, impermanence, and in-betweenness.</p>

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</description>

<author>Evelyn A. So</author>


<category>Literature</category>

<category>American literature</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Affectivity and Impulsivity as Predictors of Workplace Deviance</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4253</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4253</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:20 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Workplace deviance can significantly harm or benefit an organization, depending on whether the deviance is destructive or constructive. Therefore, it is important to understand what personality traits play a role in an individual's decision to engage in deviance. Using survey data obtained from 133 participants, we examined affectivity and impulsivity as predictors of workplace destructive and constructive deviance. Negative affectivity was a predictor of destructive deviance, and positive affectivity was a predictor of constructive deviance. Furthermore, dysfunctional impulsivity was a predictor of interpersonal destructive deviance, and functional impulsivity was a predictor of innovative constructive deviance. Both affectivity and impulsivity were important predictors of workplace deviance, with affectivity being a better predictor than impulsivity. These results suggest that organizations should conduct personality testing before hiring and include items measuring affectivity, impulsivity, and both types of workplace deviance.</p>

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</description>

<author>Brittany Trice</author>


<category>Organizational behavior</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Classical Models of the Spin 1/2 System</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4251</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4251</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:19 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>We proposed a Quaternionic mechanical system motivated by the Foucault</p>
<p>pendulum as a classical model for the dynamics of the spin 1/2 system. We showed</p>
<p>that this mechanical system contains the dynamics of the spin state of the electron</p>
<p>under a uniform magnetic field as it is given by the Schrodinger-Pauli-Equation</p>
<p>(SPE). We closed with a characterization of the dynamics of this generalized</p>
<p>classical system by showing that it is equivalent with the dynamics of the</p>
<p>Schrodinger Pauli Equation as long as the solutions to the generalized classical</p>
<p>system are roots of the Lagrangian, that is the condition L = 0 holds.</p>

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</description>

<author>Carlos Harold Salazar-Lazaro</author>


<category>Quantum physics</category>

<category>Mechanics</category>

<category>Mathematics</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Application of Microbiological Crack Dating Technique for Mixed Biota Species on Non-porous Surfaces</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4250</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4250</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:18 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>An approach to quantify sparse biomass on construction materials was the main focus of this study. The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of previously developed visualization and quantification techniques on mixed culture biofilms as a foundation for determining a crack's age in building materials with the help of biomass accumulation. Mixed culture biofilms were cultivated on non-porous surfaces, fed through the use of a stationary feeding technique, and evaluated through the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Being able to determine the approximate timing of occurrences of such cracks could potentially save millions of dollars each year in reduced frivolous insurance claims, legal fees, and insurance premiums.</p>
<p>Experiments were performed using two representative mixed bacterial communities at different nutrient concentrations. Results from the experiments substantiated the case for biological crack dating by establishing the applicability of these methods for mixed bacterial communities. Future work involves verifying the applicability of these methods for more diverse microbial colonies, varying temperature conditions, and varying nutrient contents in order to develop these methods for non-optimal oligotrophic field conditions.</p>

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</description>

<author>Tasnuva Safi</author>


<category>Civil engineering</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Making Hiring Decisions Using Facebook: How Job Applicants are Evaluated</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4249</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4249</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:17 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Use of Facebook® to review candidates during the hiring selection process is becoming increasing popular amongst employers.  Consequently, it is useful to understand which particular characteristics of these profiles influence selection decisions.  This research used a policy-capturing approach to explore whether job-relevant (work comments and grammar) or job-irrelevant (profile gender and number of friends) characteristics have a greater influence on the likelihood of getting the job offer and recommended salary.  The results indicated that job-relevant Facebook characteristics were positively correlated and made the most contribution to the prediction of the likelihood of the job offer and the recommended salary.  However, the job-irrelevant characteristic, profile gender, had a significant interaction effect with the job-relevant characteristics.  For the likelihood of getting the job offer and recommended salary, women were less penalized than were men for negative work comments and poor grammar.  Given the findings of this study, organizations need to be aware that although job-relevant characteristics are given the largest weight when Facebook profiles are reviewed, job-irrelevant characteristics may also influence how applicants are evaluated.</p>

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</description>

<author>Tatyana Rozenblum</author>


<category>Psychology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Design of a 4-Seat, General Aviation, Electric Aircraft</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4248</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4248</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:16 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Range and payload of current electric aircraft is limited primarily due to low energy density of batteries.  However, recent advances in battery technology promise storage of more than 1 kWh of energy per kilogram of weight in the near future.  This kind of energy storage makes possible the design of an electric aircraft comparable to, if not better than existing state-of-the art general aviation aircraft powered by internal combustion engines.  This thesis explores through parametric studies the effect of lift-to-drag ratio, flight speed, and cruise altitude on required thrust power and battery energy and presents the conceptual and preliminary design of a four-seat, general aviation electric aircraft with a takeoff weight of 1750 kg, a range of 800 km, and a cruise speed of 200 km/h.  An innovative configuration design will take full advantage of the electric propulsion system, while a Lithium-Polymer battery and a DC brush less motor will provide the power.  Advanced aerodynamics will explore the greatest possible extend of laminar flow on the fuselage, the wing, and the empennage surfaces to minimize drag, while advanced composite structures will provide the greatest possible savings on empty weight.  The proposed design is intended to be certifiable under current FAR 23 requirements.</p>

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</description>

<author>Arvindhakshan Rajagopalan Srilatha</author>


<category>Aerospace engineering</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Mexican Photography Collected: Graciela Iturbide and Tina Modotti</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4247</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4247</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:15 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>The act of collecting has increasingly become a focus of art historians in the last</p>
<p>thirty years. Susan Pearce, Mieke Bal, Bruce Althuser and other scholars have written</p>
<p>theoretical perspectives illuminating the ways in which the collecting of art influences the identity of a particular collector and in turn the ways in which the process of collecting art itself attaches meanings to objects.</p>
<p>In the last twenty years, there has been a surge in the collecting of Mexican</p>
<p>photography dating from the 1920s to the contemporary period. Mexican photography</p>
<p>has a long history of being at once an art form and documentation meant to bring social</p>
<p>change to the people of Mexico. Tina Modotti was among the first to create photographs</p>
<p>of this type in Mexico beginning in the 1920s. Graciela Iturbide is a contemporary</p>
<p>photographer who continues to work in a similar manner.</p>
<p>This thesis examines specific collections of photographs taken in Mexico. Daniel</p>
<p>Greenberg and Susan Steinhauser, a Los Angeles couple collects many art objects</p>
<p>including Graciela Iturbide photographs. Susie Tompkins Buell, a social activist living in</p>
<p>San Francisco also collects objects of art including Tina Modotti photographs.</p>
<p>Greenberg, Steinhauser, and Buell use their collections to underscore their own</p>
<p>Identities as socially conscious people. The collectors’ identities have come to enhance and perhaps supplant the original meanings gleaned from the objects they collect.</p>

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</description>

<author>Camille F. Porter</author>


<category>Art history</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Determining the Intracellular Concentrations of Flavonoids in MDA-MB-231 Cells Using HPLC-Coupled Mass Spectrometry</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4246</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4246</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:14 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a wide variety of plants.  In recent years, flavonoids have been found to be beneficial to human health.  Our lab has investigated the ability of flavonoids to induce cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cell lines.  We have discovered that some compounds can induce cytotoxicity very readily, whereas others cannot.  We hypothesized that this difference is attributable to a compound's ability to transverse the cell membrane.  Therefore, we used LC-MS to measure the amount of each flavonoid that is able to enter into MDA-MB-231 cells, human breast cancer cells.  We tested 14 flavonoids.  MDA-MB-231 cells were plated and treated with 100 μM flavonoids for 24 and 48 hr.  After treatment, cells were extracted using methanol.  Flavonoids from extracts were characterized and quantitated by LC-MS.  We found that intracellular flavonoid concentration increased over time for some of the flavonoids.  We could not detect quercetin, myricetin, and catechin in cell extracts.  However, quercetin was found to be a moderate inducer of cytotoxicity, whereas myricetin and catechin were not.  We found that quercetin dimerized over time in the cell medium only in the presence of serum.  The quercetin dimer could not be detected in cellular extracts, which suggested that it was unable to cross the membrane.  Additionally, synthetic quercetin dimer did not induce cell death.  Our results suggest that only fresh quercetin killed cells; once quercetin dimerized, it could not induce cell death.</p>

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</description>

<author>Anh Dang Pham</author>


<category>Molecular biology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Utilization of Protein Tertiary Contacts to Improve Protein Structure Prediction Using Sequence Homology</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4245</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4245</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:13 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>The structure of a protein ultimately determines its function; therefore, knowledge of three-dimensional structure is essential for understanding its function and mechanism of action.  The two most common methods for determining protein structure are x-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.  These methods are quite successful but can be very time-intensive and costly.  An alternative method is protein structure prediction, where structure is computationally predicted from amino acid sequence.  As opposed to x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, protein structure prediction is not encumbered by potential experimental problems.  In this research, we attempted to determine if certain protein structure features, known as tertiary contacts, can improve the prediction of protein three-dimensional structure.  By calculating and analyzing sequence homology and related values, it was shown that tertiary contacts, which typically are long-range amino acid interactions separated by at least 10 amino acids in sequence length, generally have lower pair averaged sequence homology-based values.  From our calculations we were able to create a prediction filter based on our known literature-derived tertiary contacts of whether amino acid residues are buried or on the surface of a protein.  From our tertiary contact prediction filter, it was shown that approximately 80% of the amino acid residues in our protein learning set were correctly filtered to be on the surface of a protein.  These results imply that tertiary contacts are more conserved, densely packed, and less likely to be on the surface of a protein.  From the tertiary contact prediction filter, we hope that tertiary contacts can be utilized in conjunction with other prediction approaches to more accurately predict where amino acids may be located in a protein.</p>

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</description>

<author>Trung Thanh Nguyen</author>


<category>Chemistry</category>

<category>Biochemistry</category>

<category>Bioinformatics</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>The Effect of Stretching and Tool-Assisted Friction Massage on Hamstring Flexibility</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4243</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4243</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:12 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of tool-assisted massage and passive stretching on hamstring flexibility.  The hamstring is the most commonly injured multijoint muscle group in the body.  To decrease the incidence of hamstring injury, clinicians employ the use of passive stretching to treat muscle shortening.  Participants included male college baseball players between the ages of 18 and 24 years (n = 21).  Utilizing three study groups, the participants' hamstring flexibility was measured by employing the passive knee extension test.  Measurements of hamstring flexibility were taken prior to the study intervention and after the study intervention.  The results indicated a significant increase in hamstring flexibility for the passive stretching and Fuzion groups, alpha = .05, p < .001.  There was not a significant difference in hamstring flexibility between the passive stretching and Fuzion groups for the right and left leg, respectively, p = .789, p = .590.  We concluded that, although passive stretching is an effective method to increase hamstring flexibility, the use of tool-assisted massage in conjunction with passive stretching does not significantly enhance hamstring flexibility.</p>

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</description>

<author>Sarah E. Merkel</author>


<category>Kinesiology</category>

<category>Physical therapy</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Individual Differences and Pet Ownership Status: Distinguishing Among Different Types of Pet Owners and Non-Owners</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4244</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4244</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:12 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Research examining potential differences between pet owners and non-owners is prevalent in the scientific literature, but findings have often been inconsistent. Although some researchers have incorporated animal preference into their investigations of pet ownership, such research is scarce and inconclusive.  The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences that may systematically vary based on pet ownership status, pet preference, and gender.  It was predicted that the interaction of these variables would demonstrate differences among and between groups of pet owners and non-owners, which could help to explain some of the ambiguity of previous research.</p>
<p>A large sample of adult Internet users (<em>N</em> = 1,034) living in the U.S. completed a series of online questionnaires that assessed pet preference and ownership as well as gender, empathy, loneliness, depression, and the Big 5 personality traits.  We found that a pet preference that included dogs or cats was linked to higher empathy for females, especially for those who owned pets.  Pet preferences of "Other" for males and "None" for females were associated with higher levels of conscientiousness.  A cat-inclusive preference was consistently related to higher levels of empathy, openness, and agreeableness for both men and women.  These findings suggest that programs and organizations seeking to improve human well-being through the facilitation of human-animal interaction may be more successful if they account for related differences based on pet preference and gender.</p>

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</description>

<author>Shannon Marie Merrill</author>


<category>Psychology</category>

<category>Personality psychology</category>

<category>Experimental psychology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Aging Arab Immigrants: Family Portraits from the San Francisco Bay Area</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4242</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4242</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:11 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>There are relatively few studies on Arab-American immigrant families. As the immigrant population grows older in the United States, their situations raise wider social issues about aging. I examined the social landscape of aging and health within Arab-American families in the San Francisco Bay Area amidst changing intergenerational relationships. This research used a life history approach supplemented by participant observation. Interviewees discussed how immigration and transnationalism affected their approach to caring for aging family members, raising American-born children, and growing older. Arab immigrant life expectancy is increasing as a result of access to the US healthcare system but this is having unforeseen social impacts. As family members live longer, the economic and personal costs brought about by the responsibility to care for the elderly is contributing to the stresses of daily life. In addition, the notion of what comprises the Arab family is changing. The research points to the growing need to examine the social impacts of aging among different populations in the United States as well as globally.</p>

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</description>

<author>Kanhong Lin</author>


<category>Cultural anthropology</category>

<category>Gerontology</category>

<category>Middle Eastern studies</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Investigation of the Role of Dietary Flavonoids on Cell Death: Evidence to Support a Non-Classical Apoptotic Mechanism</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4241</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4241</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:10 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and have been shown to be cytotoxic to cancer cells.  Our lab has previously shown that some flavonoids are able to induce cytotoxicity and inhibit caspase activity in human breast cancer cell lines.  The goal of our study was to identify the specific molecular pathways required for flavonoid-induced cytotoxicity.  MDA-MB-231 cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking caspase 3 and 7, and primary baby mouse kidney epithelial cells lacking Bax and Bak were cultured.  Flavonoid-treated MDA-MB-231 cells showed cytochrome c release.  We detected caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage in MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with some flavonoids.  Quercetin did not activate caspase 3 but induced PARP cleavage at early time points.  These results suggested that cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells involved caspase-independent mechanisms.  To further test this, we treated wild-type and caspase-deficient MEFs with various flavonoids and performed cell death assays.  Flavonoid-induced cell death in caspase-deficient MEFs and Bax/Bak deficient cell lines was similar to wild-type cells.  Taken together, our results suggested that flavonoids induce cell death through caspase-independent mechanisms.</p>

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</description>

<author>Tetiana Lialiutska</author>


<category>Molecular biology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>The Effects of Restored Aquatic Large Woody Debris Structures on Invertebrate Populations in the Napa River</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4240</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4240</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:08 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Agricultural encroachment and habitat destruction within the riparian zone of many California ecosystems have created a need for restoration of stream hydrology in order to enhance and support native flora and fauna.  On the Napa River, adjacent vineyards have caused the channel to become deeply incised, so that the stream now lacks geomorphic variability and biodiversity.  In order to restore channel complexity, large woody debris (LWD) structures were installed in the river in the summer of 2010.  In this study I evaluated the effects of installing LWD structures within the Napa River on benthic invertebrates in the first year after installation.  Six 150 m study sites were sampled monthly from June 2011 to September 2011 using the kick sampling method.  Areas that received LWD treatment were compared to control sites of the same habitat type.  Although in-stream invertebrate diversity and abundance varied with stream geomorphology along the length of the river, in no instance did invertebrate abundance increase in the first year after installation of large woody debris.  In fact, in several months LWD structures were associated with lower invertebrate abundance and diversity as well as lower dissolved oxygen.  Overall, added LWD did not function as planned at base flow during the first year after installation.</p>

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</description>

<author>Clayton Christopher Leal</author>


<category>Environmental science</category>

<category>Entomology</category>

<category>Fisheries and aquatic sciences</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>A descriptive study of old-growth Sequoia sempervirens growth form and canopy structure on a pygmy forest ecotone in Mendocino County</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4239</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4239</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:07 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>The tallest tree in the world is the coast redwood, <em>Sequoia sempervirens</em>, a species endemic to a 16-km-wide coastal belt extending from Big Sur, California, to southern Oregon.  Old-growth redwood forests are home to other plant and animal species that depend on structural characteristics that have formed over hundreds of years.  While a great deal of research regarding growth form and structure has taken place on highly productive stands, little work has been done on marginal sites, where redwoods are on the edge of their ecological tolerance.  In the Northern California County of Mendocino, hydrophobic spodosol are host to endemic and adapted species called "pygmy."  Such species include the rare bolander pine (<em>Pinus contorta spp. bolanderi</em>), pygmy cypress (<em>Cupressus pygmaea</em>), and a number of Ericaceous shrubs.  However, the coast redwood has also been observed growing in this soil type.</p>
<p>Using previous soil and vegetation characterizations across the ecotone of the pygmy forest, this study focused on the structural characteristics of <em>Sequoia sempervirens</em> in a stunted stand of old-growth coast redwood in Mendocino County, California.  Stepwise linear regression analysis showed total tree height and size to be correlated with soil nutrient levels as expected, but the number of epiphytes in the canopy of pygmy coast redwoods was not correlated with canopy complexity as expected.  Instead, epiphyte abundance was significantly correlated with fire hollow volumes, suggesting fire to be a factor in canopy plant communities.</p>

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</description>

<author>Zuhayl Rochin Lambert</author>


<category>Ecology</category>

<category>Environmental studies</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4238</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4238</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:06 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is comprised of concepts and technology that will help change the national airspace system.  In the current experiment, we analyzed eye-tracking in a NextGen experiment that examined a concept of taxi-out operations that are commonly referred to as surface trajectory-based operation (STBO).  This study was built on previous research investigating taxiing from the gate to the runway based on speed and time commands to include speed-based taxiing with bounds.  Commercial airline pilots, both current and recently retired, participated in this study at the Human-Centered Systems Lab at NASA Ames Research Center.  This study showed that pilots viewed the primary flight display more than when taxiing in the defined condition than the undefined condition.  This resulted in more head down time on the primary flight display.  Future studies should examine different STBO concepts that prevent more head down time while keeping safety a priority.</p>

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</description>

<author>Christina Kunkle</author>


<category>Experimental psychology</category>

<category>Psychology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Effects of Acute Psychosocial Stress on Multiple Object Tracking</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4237</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4237</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:05 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Several reports have indicated that some motor vehicle accidents may be due to stress (Su, Tran, Wirtz, Langteau, & Rothman, 2009), which could have caused the driver's impairment in tracking several events or objects simultaneously. Multiple object tracking (MOT) requires attentional or executive controls (Scholl, 2009), which involve the prefrontal cortex activity (Shimamura, 2000). The cognitive functions related to this brain area may be vulnerable to a stress hormone, cortisol (Kern et al., 2008). In this research project, with 76 healthy students from an ethnically diverse university, 49 participants underwent  the two blocks of MOT trials prior to and following exposure to a psychosocial stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993). The change in MOT performance between the pre and poststress (practice effect) was used as the performance outcome, and salivary cortisol levels were measured to assess cortisol reactivity. The remaining 27 participants served as a control group, and were not exposed to the stressor in between MOT trials. Analyses of cortisol reactivity to the stressor revealed that following a stress induction, low- and high-cortisol responder groups showed a significantly impaired MOT performance relative to the improved performance that would be expected with practice. This suggests that acute psychosocial stress modified cortisol levels, and the altered cortisol levels may have impacted attentional control. The practical implication is that psychosocial stress could be one of the potential causes for motor accidents among inexperienced or young vehicle drivers (i.e., college students), following stressful events such as job interviews and exams.</p>

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</description>

<author>Atsuko Iwasaki</author>


<category>Experimental psychology</category>

<category>Neurosciences</category>

<category>Cognitive psychology</category>

</item>






<item>
<title>Black Oak Restoration in Multiple Use Management Projects: A Case Study in California</title>
<link>http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4236</link>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4236</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 13:03:04 PST</pubDate>
<description>
	<![CDATA[
	<p>Oaks are a keystone species in California ecosystems that aid in regulating ecological processes and support a variety of wildlife species.  There is mounting documentation that California oak species are experiencing a lack of recruitment and declines in populations.  Agencies have responded with restoration projects for oaks; some projects, such as those implemented by the U.S. Forest Service, have multiple use management goals, such as timber harvesting, fire fuel reduction, and oak restoration.  However, the effectiveness of such multiple use projects, in which restoration is one of the goals, has not been well studied.  I evaluated the response of black oaks at two US Forest Service multiple use projects in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in Northern California.  I found that black oak tree and sapling recruitment did not show increases in conifer removal sites over non-conifer removal sites, suggesting that black oaks derived little benefit from multiple use management.</p>

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</description>

<author>Gizelle Hurtado</author>


<category>Environmental studies</category>

<category>Ecology</category>

</item>





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