Publication Date
9-1-2024
Document Type
Article
Publication Title
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Volume
129
Issue
9
DOI
10.1029/2024JC021046
Abstract
Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers connect the ice sheet to the ocean and provide a critical boundary where heat, freshwater, and nutrient exchanges take place. Buoyant freshwater runoff from inland ice sheet melt is discharged at the base of marine-terminating glaciers, forming vigorous upwelling plumes. It is understood that subglacial plumes modify waters near glacier fronts and increase submarine glacier melt by entraining warm ambient waters at depth. However, ocean observations along Greenland's coastal margins remain biased toward summer months which limits accurate estimation of ocean forcing on glacier retreat and acceleration. Here, we fill a key observational gap in northwest Greenland by describing seasonal hydrographic variation at glacier fronts in Melville Bay using in situ observations from moorings deployed year-round, CTDs, and profiling floats. We evaluated local and remote forcing using remote sensing and reanalysis data products alongside a high-resolution ocean model. Analysis of the year-round hydrographic data revealed consistent above-sill seasonality in temperature and salinity. The warmest, saltiest waters occurred in spring (April–May) and primed glaciers for enhanced submarine melt in summer when meltwater plumes entrain deep waters. Waters were coldest and freshest in early winter (November–December) after summer melt from sea ice, glacier ice, and icebergs provided cold freshwater along the shelf. Ocean variability was greatest in the summer and fall, coincident with increased freshwater runoff and large wind events before winter sea ice formation. Results increase our mechanistic understanding of Greenland ice-ocean interactions and enable improvements in ocean model parameterization.
Funding Number
N00014‐17‐1‐2774
Funding Sponsor
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Keywords
glacier fjord, glacier-ocean interaction, Greenland, mooring, physical oceanography, seasonal hydrography
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
Department
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Recommended Citation
Marie J. Zahn, Kristin L. Laidre, Malene Simon, Kathleen M. Stafford, Michael Wood, Josh K. Willis, Elizabeth M. Phillips, and Ian Fenty. "Consistent Seasonal Hydrography From Moorings at Northwest Greenland Glacier Fronts" Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2024). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021046
