Nanoscale Color Center Sensing of Adsorbed Water in Contact With Oil

Publication Date

9-13-2025

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Advanced Functional Materials

DOI

10.1002/adfm.202517457

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of confined water at liquid–solid interfaces is central to numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes, yet remains experimentally challenging. Here, shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond serve as sensors to investigate the nanoscale dynamics of interfacial water confined between the diamond surface and an overlying fluorinated oil droplet. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocols selectively sensitive to 1H and 19F, NVs are used to probe water and oil near the interface under ambient conditions. Comparing opposite sides of a doubly-implanted diamond membrane — one exposed to oil, the other not — a slow, multi-day process is uncovered in which the interfacial water layer is gradually depleted. This desorption appears to be driven by sustained interactions with the fluorinated oil and is supported by molecular dynamics simulations and surface-sensitive X-ray spectroscopies. These findings provide molecular-level insight into long-timescale hydration dynamics and underscore the power of NV-NMR for probing liquid–solid heterointerfaces with chemical specificity.

Funding Number

NSF‐2223461

Funding Sponsor

Office of Science

Keywords

confined water, liquid-solid interfaces, nanoscale sensing, nitrogen-vacancy centers

Department

Chemistry

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