A Global Resilient Supply Chain Network Design Model Considering Risks and Carbon Emissions

Publication Date

8-1-2026

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Computers and Chemical Engineering

Volume

211

DOI

10.1016/j.compchemeng.2026.109673

Abstract

In recent years, global supply chains have witnessed increasing exposure to two critical risks: supply disruptions and opportunistic behaviors. The former threatens the continuity and reliability of the supply chain, while the latter undermines trust and long-term stability. Given these challenges, there is a pressing need to develop mechanisms that enhance supply chain resilience and trustworthiness. In this paper, we consider four resilience strategies including the manufacturer protection, distributor reliability enhancement, direct-to-store delivery, and emergency inventory. A global resilient supply chain network optimization model based on multi-objective decision making are developed in which we incorporate the resilience strategies and consider internal demand variability and external disruption risks. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed and employed for solving the optimization model. Finally, numerical examples are gave to evaluate various combinations of four resilience strategies and investigate the impact of uncertain demand and disruption scenarios on the profits, the carbon emissions and risks of the network. The findings reveal that, although the resilience strategies lead to a slight decline in the total profits and an increase in the total carbon emissions, they effectively mitigate the disruption risks and greatly enhance resilience of the network. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of the trust mechanisms and the social relationships among the members in the supply chain network, as they can significantly reduce the risks and enhance the resilience of the network, even if enhancing the social relationships may lead to a certain degree of profit reduction.

Keywords

Carbon emissions, Global supply chain network, Operational risks, Opportunistic risks, Resilience strategies

Department

Global Innovation and Leadership

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