Publication Date

3-22-2024

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volume

33

Issue

3

DOI

10.1071/WF23045

Abstract

Background: There is an ongoing need for improved understanding of wildfire plume dynamics. Aims: To improve process-level understanding of wildfire plume dynamics including strong (>10 m s-1) fire-generated winds and pyrocumulus (pyroCu) development. Methods: Ka-band Doppler radar and two Doppler lidars were used to quantify plume dynamics during a high-intensity prescribed fire and airborne laser scanning (ALS) to quantify the fuel consumption. Key results: We document the development of a strongly rotating (>10 m s-1) pyroCu-topped plume reaching 10 km. Plume rotation develops during merging of discrete plume elements and is characterised by inflow and rotational winds an order of magnitude stronger than the ambient flow. Deep pyroCu is initiated after a sequence of plume-deepening events that push the plume top above its condensation level. The pyroCu exhibits a strong central updraft (35 m s-1) flanked by mechanically and evaporative forced downdrafts. The downdrafts do not reach the surface and have no impact on fire behaviour. ALS data show plume development is linked to large fuel consumption (20 kg m-2). Conclusions: Interactions between discrete plume elements contributed to plume rotation and large fuel consumption led to strong updrafts triggering deep pyroCu. Implications: These results identify conditions conducive to strong plume rotation and deep pyroCu initiation.

Funding Number

AGS-2114251

Funding Sponsor

Rocky Mountain Research Station

Keywords

field experiment, fire behaviour, fuel consumption, plume dynamics, plume rotation, pyrocumulonimbus, updraft

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

Department

Meteorology and Climate Science

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