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Volume 13, Issue 1 (2025)

Themis is published annually by the students of the Justice Studies Department at San Jose State University. All views of fact or opinion are the sole responsibility of the authors and may not reflect the views of the editorial staff or faculty.

Questions or comments may be directed to Themis, Department of Justice Studies, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192. Contact via email at themis-journal@sjsu.edu.

Ownership of papers is retained by authors. Papers may be submitted for publication elsewhere. Authorization has been granted by authors for use of papers in both the printed publication of Themis and online.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from Themis.

Copyright © 2025
San Jose State University

Peer-Reviewed Articles

Editors

Managing Editor
Samantha Boman


Associate Editors
Vivien Berentsen
Monica Chu
Evan Colin
Anna Dang
Hunter Dorraugh
Elizabeth Hoang
Gideon Idemoto
Morgan Jameson
Armaan Joshi
Kiara Luke
Chelsie Luna
Connor Melton
Irfan Mohamed
Serafine Rubio
Madelaine Claire Surette
Ty Urabe
Brenda Vargas
Alejandra Vela


Editorial Advisor
Rowan Dunton


Faculty Advisor
Mary Juno, MSc